MySQL系列-二进制包安装(v5.6.51)

一、安装说明

本文使用二进制包安装及简单配置MySQL-v5.6.51版本。

5.6版本下载：https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/community/

在此URL地址页面中的“Product Version”选择5.6的相应版本。

本文中使用本地VM虚机部署测试。

OS：CentOS Linux release 7.8.2003 (Core) 3.10.0-1160.15.2.el7.x86_64

虚机配置：2核CPU、4G内存

二、清理系统环境

CentOS 7 版本的系统默认自带安装了MariaDB，需要先清理。

## 查询已安装的mariadb

rpm -qa |grep mariadb

## 卸载mariadb软件包，文件名为上述命令查询出来的文件

rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs-5.5.65-1.el7.x86_64

三、创建mysql用户.组及数据目录

## 创建数据保存目录
mkdir -p /data/mysql
## 创建用户组mysql
groupadd -r mysql
## 创建用户mysql并设置不能登录系统，指定宿主目录
useradd -g mysql -r -s /sbin/nologin -M -d /data/mysql mysql
## 修改数据保存目录属性及权限
chown mysql.mysql /data/mysql
chmod 0700 /data/mysql

四、安装配置MySQL

1.下载二进制包

cd /data/tools
wget https://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-5.6/mysql-5.6.51-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

2.解压安装到指定目录(/usr/local)

tar xf mysql-5.6.51-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
cd /usr/local
## 创建软链接，方便后续操作
ln -sv mysql-5.6.51-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql

3.创建配置文件

vi /etc/my.cnf 
//输入以下内容
[client]
port = 3306
socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
default-character-set = utf8mb4

[mysqld]
port = 3306
socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /data/mysql
character-set-server = utf8mb4
collation-server = utf8mb4_general_ci
init_connect = 'SET NAMES utf8mb4'
server-id = 1
log-slave-updates = true
skip-external-locking
skip-name-resolve
key_buffer_size = 256M
max_allowed_packet = 64M
table_open_cache = 256
sort_buffer_size = 16M
read_buffer_size = 8M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 64M
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 256M
thread_cache_size = 16
query_cache_size = 128M
query_cache_type = 1
log-bin = mysql-bin
binlog_format = row
expire_logs_days = 30
slow_query_log = on
long_query_time = 2
slow_query_log_file = /data/mysql/db-slow.log
gtid-mode = on
enforce-gtid-consistency = true
default-storage-engine = INNODB
innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 64M
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 1G
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend
innodb_write_io_threads = 4
innodb_read_io_threads = 4
innodb_thread_concurrency = 8
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M
innodb_log_file_size = 512M
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 60
innodb_file_per_table = on
max_connections = 5000
interactive_timeout = 28800
wait_timeout = 28800
sql_mode = NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp = true

[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 32M

[mysql]
no-auto-rehash
default-character-set = utf8mb4

[myisamchk]
key_buffer_size = 128M
sort_buffer_size = 128M
read_buffer = 8M
write_buffer = 8M

[mysqlhotcopy]
interactive-timeout

[mysqld_safe]
log-error = /data/mysql/mysql_err.log
pid-file = /data/mysql/mysqld.pid

注：参数可根据实际环境需求进行修改，此处配置仅供参考。

4.修改程序目录权限

cd /usr/local/mysql
chown -R mysql.mysql .

5.初始化数据库

cd /usr/local/mysql
scripts/mysql_install_db --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --user=mysql  --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql

注：5.6版本使用mysql_install_db命令初始化数据，针对root@localhost用户不设置临时密码，客户端可以直接通过mysql命令登录数据库系统。

6.导出man帮助文件.头文件及lib库

cd /usr/local/mysql
## 帮助文件
echo "MANPATH /usr/local/mysql/man" >> /etc/man.config
## 头文件
ln -sv /usr/local/mysql/include /usr/include/mysql
## lib库
echo '/usr/local/mysql/lib' > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql.conf
## 加载动态库文件
ldconfig

7.设置MySQL环境变量

echo '######MySQL' >> /etc/profile
echo 'PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin' >> /etc/profile
source /etc/profile

8.配置MySQL服务管理命令

cd /usr/local/mysql
cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld

9.启动数据库

/etc/init.d/mysqld start
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql --version && echo -e "\e[31m mysql install is OK\e[0m"

10.删除无用用户与测试库(可选操作)

echo -e "delete from mysql.user where user='';" | mysql -uroot -p 
//提示输入密码，直接Enter键确认
echo -e "delete from mysql.user where host='::1';" | mysql -uroot -p
echo -e "drop database test;" | mysql -uroot -p

五、设置root账号密码

1.本机登录密码

mysql -uroot -p 
//因初始化数据时没有设置密码，可以按两次确认键进入数据库
 mysql> use mysql;
 mysql> update user set password = PASSWORD('123456') where user = 'root';
 mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

2.远程登录密码

# mysql -uroot -p 
//输入上述步骤中设置的密码登录数据库
mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '123456' WITH GRANT OPTION;
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

六、服务管理

启动：/etc/init.d/mysqld start

关闭：/etc/init.d/mysqld stop

重启：/etc/init.d/mysqld restart

查看状态：/etc/init.d/mysqld status

配置开机启动：echo "/etc/init.d/mysqld start" >> /etc/rc.local