概述

写一下oracle11g单实例+ASM存储的过程，主要是后面备忘，适合有一定基础的朋友学习，可以做后面安装部署的时候快速参考。

1. 主机准备

IP地址：XX.XX.XX.XX

主机名：bo-DB

目录：/u01

磁盘：从主机本地磁盘资源划分50G硬盘1个，从磁阵资源划分10G硬盘3个

1.1 检查主机名和IP地址的映射：hostname -i

hostname

vi /etc/sysconfig/network

vi /etc/hosts

1.2 分配/u01目录为oracle软件安装目录，lv_asm1,lv_asm2,lv_asm3为ASM磁盘

/dev/xvdb 50G 格式化后挂载到/u01目录

/dev/xvdc /dev/xvde /dev/xvdf 各10G，不用格式化，给ASM使用

pvcreate /dev/xvdc /dev/xvde /dev/xvdf
vgcreate ora_vg /dev/xvdc /dev/xvde /dev/xvdf
lvcreate -L 10g -n lv_asm1 ora_vg
lvcreate -L 10g -n lv_asm2 ora_vg
vgdisplay ora_vg
lvcreate -l 2557 -n lv_asm3 ora_vg

在后面创建grid用户后,创建ASM前,需要更改lv的磁盘权限

chown grid:asmadmin /dev/mapper/ora*

1.3 配置YUM，安装依赖包

yum install binutils compat-libstdc++-33 elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel glibc glibc-common glibc-devel gcc- gcc-c++ libaio-devel libaio libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel pdksh ksh compat-libcap1

若之前安装系统没有安装图形，需要安装图形界面和xterm

yum groupinstall "X Window System"

yum install xterm

1.4 关闭系统防火墙开机启动

service iptables stop

chkconfig iptables off

2. 创建ORACLE 用户和组成员

groupadd oinstall
groupadd dba
groupadd oper
groupadd asmadmin
groupadd asmdba
groupadd asmoper
useradd -g oinstall -G dba,asmdba,oper oracle
useradd -g oinstall -G dba,asmadmin,asmdba,asmoper grid

分别指定oracle、grid用户的密码

passwd oracle
passwd grid

3. 创建以下目录并赋予对应权限

mkdir -p /u01/app/11.2.0/grid
mkdir -p /u01/app/grid
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app
chmod -R 775 /u01/app

4. 设置oracle、grid用户的环境变量

4.1 oracle用户登陆: vi ~/.bash_profile

export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:.
export NLS_LANG=american_america.ZHS16GBK
export ORACLE_SID=nwpp
export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:.

4.2 grid用户登录：vi ~/.bash_profile

export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/grid
export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/11.2.0/grid
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:.
export NLS_LANG=American_america.ZHS16GBK
export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:.
export ORACLE_SID=+ASM

5. root用户更改系统参数

5.1 vi /etc/sysctl.conf

fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 4398046511104 //一般设置为系统内存75%单位是字节
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048586
使设置立即生效： /sbin/sysctl -p 

5.2 vi /etc/security/limits.conf

oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft stack 10240
grid soft nproc 2047
grid hard nproc 16384
grid soft nofile 1024
grid hard nofile 65536
grid soft stack 1024

5.3 vi /etc/pam.d/login

#oracle

session required /lib64/security/pam_limits.so

session required pam_limits.so

6. 上传Oracle安装介质到/u01/tmp目录下

mkdir -p /u01/tmp
p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip
p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip
p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_3of7.zip

7. 安装grid组件

#cd /u01/tmp/
#unzip p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_3of7.zip
#chown -R grid:oinstall grid
Xmanager软件用grid用户登录
$cd /u01/tmp/grid
$./runInstaller
图形界面安装，最后root用户执行两个脚本，执行脚本的屏幕输出如下：
# /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
Changing permissions of /u01/app/oraInventory.
Adding read,write permissions for group.
Removing read,write,execute permissions for world.
Changing groupname of /u01/app/oraInventory to oinstall.
The execution of the script is complete.
# /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/root.sh
Performing root user operation for Oracle 11g
The following environment variables are set as:
 ORACLE_OWNER= grid
 ORACLE_HOME= /u01/app/11.2.0/grid
Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]:
 Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ...
 Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
 Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
Creating /etc/oratab file...
Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by
Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created
Finished running generic part of root script.
Now product-specific root actions will be performed.
To configure Grid Infrastructure for a Stand-Alone Server run the following command as the root user:
/u01/app/11.2.0/grid/perl/bin/perl -I/u01/app/11.2.0/grid/perl/lib -I/u01/app/11.2.0/grid/crs/install /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/crs/install/roothas.pl
To configure Grid Infrastructure for a Cluster execute the following command:
/u01/app/11.2.0/grid/crs/config/config.sh
This command launches the Grid Infrastructure Configuration Wizard. The wizard also supports silent operation, and the parameters can be passed through the response file that is available in the installation media.

8. 根据上步执行的脚本输出提示，确定单节点需要root用户执行下面的命令

/u01/app/11.2.0/grid/perl/bin/perl -I/u01/app/11.2.0/grid/perl/lib -I/u01/app/11.2.0/grid/crs/install /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/crs/install/roothas.pl

9. 使用asmca创建ASM 磁盘组

Xmanager软件用grid用户登录

$asmca

10. 安装oralce软件

#cd /u01/tmp/
#unzip p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip;unzip p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip
#chown -R oracle:oinstall database
Xmanager软件用oracle用户登录
$cd /u01/tmp/database/
$./runInstaller

图形界面安装，最后root用户执行一个脚本

#/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/root.sh

11. 创建数据库

Xmanager软件用oracle用户登录

$dbca

图形界面建库，Storage Type选择ASM，+DATA1磁盘组，数据库字符集根据实际情况选择。

12. 使用grid用户创建监听

Xmanager软件用grid用户登录

$netca

13. 客户端测试数据库连接

ping IP地址

tnsping IP地址

sqlplus system/oracle@IP地址/nwpp

14. 由于lv的权限在重启后会变回root用户，需要添加开机启动脚本

vi /etc/rc.d/rc.local

chown grid:asmadmin /dev/mapper/ora*

创建rc.local的链接文件

ln -sf /etc/rc.d/rc.local /etc/rc.d/rc1.d/S999rc.local &&
ln -sf /etc/rc.d/rc.local /etc/rc.d/rc2.d/S999rc.local &&
ln -sf /etc/rc.d/rc.local /etc/rc.d/rc3.d/S999rc.local &&
ln -sf /etc/rc.d/rc.local /etc/rc.d/rc4.d/S999rc.local &&
ln -sf /etc/rc.d/rc.local /etc/rc.d/rc5.d/S999rc.local &&
ln -sf /etc/rc.d/rc.local /etc/rc.d/rc6.d/S999rc.local

15. 重启测试

15.1 关闭数据库

# su - oracle
$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Thu Mar 12 14:14:38 2018
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Mining
and Real Application Testing options
SQL> shutdown immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL>

15.2 关闭has

$ su - grid
Password:
$ crsctl stop has
CRS-2791: Starting shutdown of Oracle High Availability Services-managed resources on 'bo-db'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.LISTENER.lsnr' on 'bo-db'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.DATA1.dg' on 'bo-db'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.LISTENER.lsnr' on 'bo-db' succeeded
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.DATA1.dg' on 'bo-db' succeeded
CRS-2679: Attempting to clean 'ora.DATA1.dg' on 'bo-db'
CRS-2681: Clean of 'ora.DATA1.dg' on 'bo-db' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.asm' on 'bo-db'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.asm' on 'bo-db' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.cssd' on 'bo-db'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.cssd' on 'bo-db' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.evmd' on 'bo-db'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.evmd' on 'bo-db' succeeded
CRS-2793: Shutdown of Oracle High Availability Services-managed resources on 'bo-db' has completed
CRS-4133: Oracle High Availability Services has been stopped.

15.3 重启主机

# sync
# sync
# sync
# shutdown -Fr now
Broadcast message from root@bo-DB
 (/dev/pts/0) at 14:20 ...
The system is going down for reboot NOW!

15.4主机启动后，查看crs状态

# /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/bin/crsctl stat res -t
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NAME TARGET STATE SERVER STATE_DETAILS 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Local Resources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.DATA1.dg
 ONLINE ONLINE bo-db 
ora.LISTENER.lsnr
 ONLINE ONLINE bo-db 
ora.asm
 ONLINE ONLINE bo-db Started 
ora.ons
 OFFLINE OFFLINE bo-db 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cluster Resources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.cssd
 1 ONLINE ONLINE bo-db 
ora.diskmon
 1 OFFLINE OFFLINE 
ora.evmd
 1 ONLINE ONLINE bo-db 
ora.nwpp.db
 1 OFFLINE OFFLINE Instance Shutdown 

15.5 启动数据库

# /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/bin/srvctl start database -d nwpp
# /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/bin/crsctl stat res -t
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NAME TARGET STATE SERVER STATE_DETAILS 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Local Resources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.DATA1.dg
 ONLINE ONLINE bo-db 
ora.LISTENER.lsnr
 ONLINE ONLINE bo-db 
ora.asm
 ONLINE ONLINE bo-db Started 
ora.ons
 OFFLINE OFFLINE bo-db 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cluster Resources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.cssd
 1 ONLINE ONLINE bo-db 
ora.diskmon
 1 OFFLINE OFFLINE 
ora.evmd
 1 ONLINE ONLINE bo-db 
ora.nwpp.db
 1 ONLINE ONLINE bo-db Open 

15.6 客户端测试

C:\Users\Alfred>sqlplus system/oracle@IP地址/nwpp
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on 星期四 3月 12 14:27:12 2018
Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle. All rights reserved.
连接到:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Mining
and Real Application Testing options
SQL>

至此，Linux平台oracle 11g单实例 + ASM存储 安装部署全部完成。

篇幅有限，有些部署文档太长，只能简单写一下分享给大家，大家有空的话可以尝试下，用自己虚拟机模拟磁盘划分，然后按这过程做下来问题不大，有问题的话可以在下方留言，我看到会回复的。

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