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从零开始学大数据(一):Hadoop完全分布式环境搭建

zazugpt 2024-08-27 00:25:46 编程文章 17 ℃ 0 评论

一、下载Hadoop包和JDK

1、在VMware中创建新的虚拟机（Centos7），此步骤省略。

2、虚拟机配置


二、下载Hadoop和JDK

1、下载Hadoop地址：https://archive.apache.org/dist/hadoop/common/hadoop-2.6.4/hadoop-2.6.4.tar.gz

2、下载jdk：链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1lbu7eBEtgjeGIi2bWthLnA 提取码：0j0j

三、虚拟机基础环境配置

1、修改主机名

[root@template ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname node1

2、配置网卡

  • 修改配置文件
[root@template ~]# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
[root@template network-scripts]# cp ifcfg-ens33 /opt/
[root@template network-scripts]# vi ifcfg-ens33
#文件修改部分
BOOTPROTO="dhcp" ——> BOOTPROTO="static"
#删除如下内容
UUID="821333c6-4f82-4aa5-b74c-f09a5c2da69f"
添加如下内容
IPADDR="192.168.30.11"
NETMASK="255.255.255.0"
GATEWAY="192.168.30.2"
DNS1="192.168.30.2"
  • 重启网络
[root@template network-scripts]# systemctl restart network
  • 查看网络
[root@node1 ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:a7:c3:75 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.30.10/24 brd 192.168.30.255 scope global noprefixroute ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::705e:d2d:93d5:dcf8/64 scope link noprefixroute 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

3、配置host文件

  • 修改配置文件
[root@node1 ~]# vi /etc/hosts
#添加如下内容
192.168.30.11   node1
192.168.30.12   node2
192.168.30.13   node3
192.168.30.14   node4
  • 测试
[root@node1 ~]# ping node1
PING node1 (192.168.30.11) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from node1 (192.168.30.11): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.013 ms
64 bytes from node1 (192.168.30.11): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.020 ms

4、关闭防火墙

[root@node1 ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@node1 ~]# systemctl disable firewalld
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.

5、禁用seLinux

[root@node1 ~]#  setenforce 0
[root@node1 ~]# vi /etc/selinux/config
#第7行修改为如下：
SELINUX=disabled

6、时间同步服务

  • 时区修改
时区修改
  • 修改配置文件
[root@node1 ~]# vi /etc/chrony.conf
#注释3-6行
#添加如下一行
server ntp.aliyun.com iburst
#修改26行为如下内容
allow 192.168.30.0/24
  • 重启服务
[root@node1 ~]# systemctl restart chronyd
  • 同步时间
[root@node1 ~]# chronyc sources
210 Number of sources = 1
MS Name/IP address         Stratum Poll Reach LastRx Last sample               
===============================================================================
^* 203.107.6.88                  2   6    17     6   +814us[+4247us] +/-   27ms

7、安装JDK

  • 上传JDK至node1主机上
  • 解压JDK包
[root@node1 ~]# tar -zxvf jdk-8u181-linux-x64.tar.gz -C /opt/
  • 重命名jdk目录
[root@node1 ~]# mv /opt/jdk1.8.0_181/ /opt/jdk
  • 配置jdk环境变量
[root@node1 ~]# vi /etc/profile.d/hadoop.sh
#添加如下内容
export JAVA_HOME=/opt/jdk
export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin
  • 编译执行
[root@node1 ~]# source /etc/profile
  • 验证
[root@node1 ~]# java -version
java version "1.8.0_181"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_181-b13)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.181-b13, mixed mode)

8、安装Hadoop

  • 上传hadoop包之node1主机中
  • 解压hadoop包
[root@node1 ~]# tar -zxvf hadoop-2.6.4.tar.gz -C /opt/
[root@node1 ~]# mv /opt/hadoop-2.6.4/ /opt/hadoop
  • 添加环境变量
[root@node1 ~]# vi /etc/profile.d/hadoop.sh
export JAVA_HOME=/opt/jdk
export HADOOP_HOME=/opt/hadoop
export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$HADOOP_HOME/sbin:$HADOOP_HOME/bin
  • 编译执行
[root@node1 ~]# source /etc/profile
  • 验证
[root@node1 ~]# hadoop
Usage: hadoop [--config confdir] COMMAND
       where COMMAND is one of:
  fs                   run a generic filesystem user client
  version              print the version
  jar <jar>            run a jar file
  checknative [-a|-h]  check native hadoop and compression libraries availability
  distcp <srcurl> <desturl> copy file or directories recursively
  archive -archiveName NAME -p <parent path> <src>* <dest> create a hadoop archive
  classpath            prints the class path needed to get the
  credential           interact with credential providers
                       Hadoop jar and the required libraries
  daemonlog            get/set the log level for each daemon
  s3guard              manage data on S3
  trace                view and modify Hadoop tracing settings
 or
  CLASSNAME            run the class named CLASSNAME

9、hadoop配置文件

  • 修改core-site.xml
[root@node1 ~]# vi /opt/hadoop/etc/hadoop/core-site.xml
#修改为如下：
<configuration>
        <property>
                <name>fs.defaultFS</name>
                <value>hdfs://node1:8020</value>
        </property>
        <property>
                <name>hadoop.tmp.dir</name>
                <value>/hadoop-full/</value>
        </property>
</configuration>
  • 修改hdfs-site.xml
[root@node1 hadoop]# vi /opt/hadoop/etc/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml
#修改内容为如下：
<configuration>
        <property>
                <name>dfs.replication</name>
                <value>3</value>
        </property>
        <property>
                <name>dfs.permissions.enabled</name>
                <value>false</value>
        </property>
        <property>
                <name>dfs.namenode.secondary.http-address</name>
                <value>node1:50090</value>
        </property>
</configuration>
  • 修改mapred-site.xml
[root@node1 ~]# cd /opt/hadoop/etc/hadoop/
[root@node1 hadoop]# cp mapred-site.xml.template mapred-site.xml
[root@node1 hadoop]# vi mapred-site.xml
#修改为如下代码
<configuration>
        <property>
                <name>mapreduce.framework.name</name>
                <value>yarn</value>
        </property>
        <property>
				<name>mapreduce.jobhistory.address</name>
				<value>node1:10020</value>
		</property>
		<property>
				<name>mapreduce.jobhistory.webapp.address</name>
				<value>node1:19888</value>
		</property>
</configuration>
  • 修改slaves
[root@node1 hadoop]# vi /opt/hadoop/etc/hadoop/slaves
#修改为如下内容：
node2
node3
node4
  • 修改 yarn-site.xml
[root@node1 hadoop]# vi yarn-site.xml
#修改为如下内容
<configuration>
<!-- Site specific YARN configuration properties -->
        <property>
                <name>yarn.nodemanager.aux-services</name>
                <value>mapreduce_shuffle</value>
        </property>
        <property>
                <name>yarn.resourcemanager.hostname</name>
                <value>node1</value>
        </property>
        <!-- 开启日志聚合 -->
        <property>
                <name>yarn.log-aggregation-enable</name>
                <value>true</value>
        </property>
</configuration>

10、克隆虚拟机

  • node1主机关机并克隆虚拟机
  • 修改node2主机配置

1）修改网络

[root@node1 ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33
#修改内容为：
IPADDR="192.168.30.12"

2）修改主机名

[root@node1 ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname node2

3）时间同步服务

 [root@node1 ~]# vi /etc/chrony.conf
#第7行修改为如下：
server node1 iburst
#第26行注释
# allow 192.168.30.0/24

4) 重启虚拟机

[root@node1 ~]# reboot
  • 修改node3主机配置 :配置步骤参考node2即可
  • 修改node4主机配置:配置步骤参考node2即可

11、配置ssh

  • 登录node1主机
  • 生成ssh-key
[root@node1 ~]# ssh-keygen
#一直回车到看到如下效果
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:9F0zNBhe7RGjjLZuZcfjLCDzkgYemNtEZLOIsSeVTH4 root@node1
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 2048]----+
|   .oo.+    .o++.|
|    *o+ o  .+o.oo|
|   + + E.  o.o+..|
|    o =. ......o.|
|     o +So.o.o + |
|      = o * + + .|
|     . o + + . o |
|        . o   .  |
|                 |
+----[SHA256]-----+
  • 进入ssh生成目录
[root@node1 ~]# cd ~/.ssh/
  • 发送公钥之node1、node2、node3、node4主机上
[root@node1 .ssh]# ssh-copy-id root@node1
#输入yes
#输入目标主机密码
123456
Now try logging into the machine, with:   "ssh 'root@node1'"
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.
[root@node1 .ssh]# ssh-copy-id root@node2
[root@node1 .ssh]# ssh-copy-id root@node3
[root@node1 .ssh]# ssh-copy-id root@node4

12、启动HDFS

  • 格式化hdfs文件系统
root@node1 ~]# hdfs namenode -format
#表示成功格式化
20/01/17 11:06:20 INFO common.Storage: Storage directory /hadoop/dfs/name has been successfully formatted.
  • 启动Hadoop
#启动所有服务
[root@node1 ~]# start-all.sh
  • 查看进程
#通过检查启动的进程
[root@node1 sbin]# jps
1232 NameNode
1920 Jps
1404 SecondaryNameNode
  • webui方式
验证HDFS启动的网址：http://node1:50070/

Yarn地址：http://node1:8088/cluster

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